The Ukrainian government systematically resorted to borrowing, including from private banks created by the oligarchs. The government financed a large part of the budget with debt because the richest people in Ukraine were hardly taxed, they hardly paid any taxes. While a number of oligarchs were getting extraordinarily rich, they were supported by members of the government, who allowed them to acquire public property for a pittance. Oligarchs got extraordinarily rich at the expense of state assets just as it happened in the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, etc. Ukraine did not inherit any debt from the Soviet Union, so it started in a favourable situation, but in the process of a brutal capitalist restoration, the Ukrainian bureaucrats who restored capitalism benefitted at the expense of the state coffers. SD: What is the background of Ukraine’s indebtedness?ĮT: Let me give you a short history of Ukraine’s indebtedness since its independence, a little more than thirty years ago when the Soviet Union collapsed at the end of 1991. And the government issued more than $2-billion in new debt securities, called war bonds. Since the beginning of the Russian invasion, Ukraine’s public debt has increased significantly because the IMF and the World Bank have granted a new credit of $5-billion, and other multilateral financial institutions have also granted emergency credits. And finally, there is Ukraine’s bilateral external debt to China, France, Germany, other EU countries, the United States and a $3-billion debt to Russia.
The amounts to be repaid in 2022 for both the external and internal debt are enormous and unsustainable in view of the war situation. The debt to the World Bank (WB), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and finally the European Investment Bank (EIB) amounted to more than $8-billion. In 2021, the debt to the IMF amounted to more than $13-billion. Public external debt in the form of sovereign securities amounted to $20-billion in 2021, all of which (there were 14 issues of securities) are governed by English law and in the event of a dispute, the British courts can be called upon. The government also has an internal debt of over $40-billion.
"There was no choice but to decline the application (to attend the event) given those withdrawals of job offers," the official said.īut Yoshinoya should have explained beforehand that obtaining a visa was a requirement for recruitment, the official said, adding, "We sincerely apologize.Sushovan Dhar (SD): How much is the Ukrainian public debt and who are the main creditors?Įric Toussaint (ET): Ukraine’s external debt, public and private, is about $130-billion, half of this debt is owed by the government, and the other half by the private sector. There were cases in the past where Yoshinoya had to cancel job offers after foreign nationals were unable to obtain a work visa, the official said. The company has given similar responses to those who appeared to be foreign applicants without working visas since around January 2021, according to the official. On its website for recruitment, Yoshinoya states that it "continues to actively promote foreign national employees with the aim of revitalizing the organization."Īccording to Yoshinoya Holdings, the Yoshinoya recruiter canceled the student's reservation for attendance after screening the background information and sent an email stating, "It is extremely difficult for a foreign national to obtain a work visa and there is a possibility that you will not be able to join the company even if you are offered a job." The latest incident to hit the company came only weeks after a managing director of the restaurant chain was dismissed over inappropriate remarks about young women made at a university-hosted lecture, triggering a backlash from the public. In a tweet apparently by the student, whose gender is unknown, the student says he or she is a Japanese national.
The company's action drew a backlash on social media after the student posted about it. based the assumption on background information provided by the student, and told the student that foreign nationals face difficulty in obtaining work visas, according to the official. The Yoshinoya "gyudon" beef bowl restaurant chain refused to allow a university student to attend a recruitment event after assuming the student was a foreign national, an official of the chain's holding company said Friday.Ī recruiter at Yoshinoya Co.
0 kommentar(er)
